This chapter examines the role of Holocaust memory politics as a critical battleground in the conflicts between Zionists and Jewish communists in Cold War Brazil. Such conflicts were present in Jewish communities across the West during the late 1940s and early 1950s, including in Argentina, France, and the United States. However, they were particularly intense in Brazil due to three interrelated factors: the recent influx of Jewish immigrants to Brazil; the suppression of Jewish political and cultural life under Getúlio Vargas’s Estado Novo dictatorship (1937–1945); and the revival of Brazilian Jewish political organisations and cultural institutions in the early years of post-war democracy (1945–1964). As this chapter demonstrates, these disputes were prominently manifested in tumultuous meetings of Jewish state federations, annual commemorations of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, and the debates within the Brazilian Yiddish press.