The coordination and options of rehabilitative measures are shown for the acute, subacute and chronic phase of aphasia. The significance of guidelines is emphasised, as is also the impact of the human interaction between the patient and the therapists. Individual planning of speech and language therapy executed by logopaedists/speech and language therapists requires the definition of therapeutic goals. Evidence-based practice and specific aspects of therapy structure have to be considered; individual therapeutic settings and efficacy testing for monitoring have to be developed. After a summary of both long-established and new findings of the physiological and neural basis of aphasia and its recovery, the “10 principles of aphasia rehabilitation” are highlighted. Linguistic approaches concern impairment-orientated therapy with semantic, lexical, phonological, articulatory, syntactic, morphological rehabilitation targets, therapeutic measures for acquired dyslexia and dysgraphia and conversation therapies. The importance of pragmatic communication abilities is explained, especially when the linguistic function is severely or completely impaired. Concepts for pragmatic abilities rehabilitation are presented; approaches to domain-general interventions in aphasia rehabilitation are summarised; compensatory strategies by augmentative and alternative communication measures are discussed; and preliminary data on the efficacy of drug therapy are presented. Concepts of group therapy are also introduced. The influence of patient-related and clinical factors used to identify the most salient predictive variables for aphasia recovery is examined.