The Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) is a 12-item unidimensional measure of individual differences in mindfulness. Items capture present-focused attention, awareness, and nonjudgmental acceptance of thoughts and emotions in language that does not explicitly mention meditation practice or training, making it suitable for use with a range of non-meditating populations. In this chapter, we summarize key research findings that speak to the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the CAMS-R. Across a variety of populations, the measure exhibits acceptable internal consistency, strong correlations with other widely used yet longer mindfulness questionnaires, and a pattern of conceptually consistent associations with measures of distress, well-being, and emotion regulation and reactivity. The clinical utility of the CAMS-R is supported by its demonstrated sensitivity to change following mindfulness-based interventions and mindfulness training presented in a variety of formats. In sum, the relative brevity and broad conceptual coverage of the CAMS-R make it a useful stand-alone assessment of dispositional mindfulness for both observational and intervention research with nonclinical and clinical samples.