The Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences (CHIME) is a 37-item self-report questionnaire covering eight aspects of trait mindfulness identified in prior research: (1) awareness of internal experiences, (2) awareness of external experiences, (3) acting with awareness, (4) accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, (5) nonreactive decentering, (6) openness to experience, (7) awareness of thoughts’ relativity, and (8) insightful understanding. The CHIME was developed with the goal of assessing these aspects of mindfulness in a single questionnaire. Furthermore, criteria for the formulation of items based on problems with earlier instruments for assessing mindfulness were introduced, with the aim of improving the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Compared to items from previously developed questionnaires, the wording of items was modified; to make it more concrete and specific, related to everyday experiences, and reducing ambiguity. All eight subscales included positively worded statements. Furthermore, items’ formulations avoided specific terms and word usage typical for mindfulness-based interventions or meditation traditions to allow their use in the general population. The CHIME was originally developed in German and recently validated in English. The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the CHIME were established in a community sample (n = 298) and a sample of MBSR group participants (n = 161). Factor-analytical procedures supported an eight-factor structure. The structure was tested in a further confirmatory sample (n = 202). The questionnaire and its subscales exhibited good internal consistency and retest-reliability. Analysis of measurement invariance of the single items over groups differing in age, gender, meditation experience, and symptom load pointed to the absence of systematic differences in the items’ semantic understanding. Parameters reflecting construct validity, criterion validity, and incremental validity as well as change sensitivity were all at least satisfactory. This work, as well as subsequent studies have demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for CHIME’s original German-language version as well as for its various translated versions. This work, as well as subsequent studies have demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in its original German as well as in Dutch, English, and other language versions. Further developments have included improving the original scales’ measurement properties using Rasch analysis, the development of shortened versions, as well as a version for experience sampling. The CHIME is a self-report measure with favorable psychometric properties covering a variety of aspects of mindfulness relevant for mindfulness theory, research and interventions.

Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences (CHIME)

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发表日期：

2025年

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Zeno Kupper,
Wolfgang Tschacher,
Claudia Risha Bergomi

摘要

The Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences (CHIME) is a 37-item self-report questionnaire covering eight aspects of trait mindfulness identified in prior research: (1) awareness of internal experiences, (2) awareness of external experiences, (3) acting with awareness, (4) accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, (5) nonreactive decentering, (6) openness to experience, (7) awareness of thoughts’ relativity, and (8) insightful understanding. The CHIME was developed with the goal of assessing these aspects of mindfulness in a single questionnaire. Furthermore, criteria for the formulation of items based on problems with earlier instruments for assessing mindfulness were introduced, with the aim of improving the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Compared to items from previously developed questionnaires, the wording of items was modified; to make it more concrete and specific, related to everyday experiences, and reducing ambiguity. All eight subscales included positively worded statements. Furthermore, items’ formulations avoided specific terms and word usage typical for mindfulness-based interventions or meditation traditions to allow their use in the general population. The CHIME was originally developed in German and recently validated in English. The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the CHIME were established in a community sample (n = 298) and a sample of MBSR group participants (n = 161). Factor-analytical procedures supported an eight-factor structure. The structure was tested in a further confirmatory sample (n = 202). The questionnaire and its subscales exhibited good internal consistency and retest-reliability. Analysis of measurement invariance of the single items over groups differing in age, gender, meditation experience, and symptom load pointed to the absence of systematic differences in the items’ semantic understanding. Parameters reflecting construct validity, criterion validity, and incremental validity as well as change sensitivity were all at least satisfactory. This work, as well as subsequent studies have demonstrated adequate psychometric properties for CHIME’s original German-language version as well as for its various translated versions. This work, as well as subsequent studies have demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in its original German as well as in Dutch, English, and other language versions. Further developments have included improving the original scales’ measurement properties using Rasch analysis, the development of shortened versions, as well as a version for experience sampling. The CHIME is a self-report measure with favorable psychometric properties covering a variety of aspects of mindfulness relevant for mindfulness theory, research and interventions.