Therapeutic characteristics of electricity have for a very long time been a subject of interest in applied sciences. More recent advances in harnessing these effects in a safe and more clinically applicable way have led to development of strategies and technologies that can be safely and conveniently used. These strategies help enhance human function and performance, as well as general health, quality of life and pain management. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) is a therapeutic modality that employs electrical currents to elicit muscle contractions. This can be an invaluable rehabilitation and recovery tool for athletes and patients particularly when voluntary muscle control is challenging such as during recovery from musculoskeletal injuries or surgical procedures. Muscle contractions produced by NMES replicate an exercise therapy program that can help with athletes’ recovery, regeneration and quicker return-to-play. Research into practical applications of electrical stimulation modalities is ongoing. In this chapter, we will present an overview of the scientific basis and practicalities for use of such modalities. In addition, we will further explore few of the more common current uses of electrical stimulation in exercise and clinical practice.