Neuromusculoskeletal disorders arising from the spine and peripheral joints are common and can impact an individual’s ability to function and quality of life. Manual therapy techniques in the form of spinal manipulative therapy and extremity manipulative therapy are a common non-invasive treatment approaches utilized by chiropractors to address neuromusculoskeletal complaints related to pain and dysfunction. This chapter explores chiropractic principles and practice, along with understanding the biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy and extremity manipulative therapy on health and performance. Current evidence supports the clinical efficacy of manipulative therapy for the treatment of spine pain, cervicogenic headaches and peripheral joints.