The study of mammalogy in Nicaragua has a relatively short history strongly linked to collecting expeditions from North American and European institutions during the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries. These expeditions created important collections that resulted in the description of new taxa. However, a series of civil wars and occupations delayed research in Nicaragua during several periods of the twentieth century. In the last two decades, improvements in access to both physical regions of the country and information have contributed to a steady increase in research. These changes are facilitated by new local researchers working with international collaborators and institutions. Local organizations have also played an important role in the scientific development of the country, as well as creating a sense of urgency among the Nicaraguan public to conserve natural areas for mammals.