Self-management in the context of disability extends beyond medical adherence to encompass a dynamic process of navigating health, identity, and autonomy. Traditionally framed through a biomedical lens, self-management has evolved into a multidimensional concept that recognizes the interplay of physical, psychological, and social factors in daily life. This entry examines the historical and theoretical foundations of self-management, tracing its evolution from a compliance-based model to a person-centered paradigm that prioritizes empowerment, resilience, and meaning-making. Drawing from disability studies, health psychology, and sociology, it highlights how self-management is not merely a set of skills but a deeply personal negotiation of agency, relationships, and systemic barriers. Despite its benefits, implementing person-centered self-management remains challenging due to healthcare system fragmentation, cultural narratives that reinforce passivity, and rigid outcome metrics that fail to capture subjective well-being. This entry critically examines these barriers while showcasing emerging opportunities, such as digital health tools, peer-led support models, and co-designed interventions that integrate lived experiences into care frameworks. The discussion underscores the importance of shifting from a deficit-based approach to one that acknowledges the diverse ways individuals construct their self-management practices. By addressing the existential and relational dimensions of self-management, this entry argues for a redefinition of success—one that centers individual autonomy, adaptability, and well-being rather than rigid clinical benchmarks. In doing so, it calls for interdisciplinary collaboration and systemic changes that support individuals in shaping their own health journeys. Ultimately, fostering inclusive and flexible self-management approaches not only enhances the quality of life for individuals with disabilities but also challenges societal structures that limit agency, advocating for a more holistic and compassionate vision of health and care.