The term “neurodegenerative diseases” (NDs) refers to a class of illnesses where the nervous system’s structure and function gradually deteriorate, frequently resulting in a major functional impairment. Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease are a few of the ailments that fall under this category. The fundamental processes of neurodegeneration include aberrant protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the progressive loss of neurons, all of which lead to the death of neurons. People suffer a reduction in their cognitive, motor, and sensory abilities because of neuronal deterioration, which makes it harder for them to carry out daily tasks. Depending on the type of neurodegenerative disorder, the degree of functional disability varies. For example, certain disorders primarily affect memory and cognition, while others compromise speech or motor skills. Most NDs are still incurable despite scientific advancements, and treatment mainly aims to relieve symptoms and reduce the disease’s course. Since they cause long-term disability and a decreased quality of life, NDs pose a serious threat to public health, especially for aging populations.