This entry presents various approaches to defining and analyzing the identity of people with disabilities, highlighting its development in historical, social, and cultural contexts. Two main theoretical perspectives are discussed: Disability Studies (DS) and the Social Identity Approach (SIA). DS emphasizes the dynamic and multidimensional nature of identity, focusing on the impact of social and cultural barriers while criticizing the medical model that reduces disability to a pathology requiring correction. In contrast, SIA focuses on the significance of social groups, the process of self-categorization, and group solidarity in shaping the identity of people with disabilities. This entry further examines historical models of describing identity and introduces tools for studying disability identity proposed over recent years. Special attention is given to contemporary concepts, such as the multidimensional model, which highlights the dynamic and social nature of identity and its evolution in response to changing social and political conditions. This entry illustrates how, over the years, the identity of people with disabilities has transformed from stigmatization to affirmation, reflecting social and cultural progress.