Like the hostility that greeted their racial brethren when they migrated to majority White urban centers throughout the twentieth century, a poisonous racist backlash hit Black students when they entered HWCUs in the mid-1960s. Higher education may have desegregated, but many of the new Black students still felt excluded, removed from the academic, social, and cultural milieu of the campus with few (if any) relevant courses or social and cultural outlets, particularly at nonurban HWCUs. “A solitary man, a foreigner in a strange land” was the language used by Stan Herring, vice president of the Association of Black Collegians at Pennsylvania’s Gannon University in November 1968; a student at North Carolina’s Saint Andrews Presbyterian Church used the phrase “a rat in a maze.” At Wisconsin’s Lawrence University, “you are alone—stranded in the middle of white culture,” said an unnamed student. “This university is an oasis in the desert, surrounded by vultures who are only waiting to pick up a crumb, a smell, a taste, and a feel of black nitty-gritty substance,” wrote the Afro-American Students Association at the University of Iowa in May 1968. Meanwhile, a few Michigan Tech students in an “alien white atmosphere” felt that the Black student had two choices: “give up his black identity or perish.”