Speaking Through Stone: Mother-Daughter History, Voice(lessness), and the Decolonial Turn in Dahlma Llanos-Figueroa’s Neo-slave Novels Daughters of the Stone and A Woman of Endurance
摘要
Beginning with the enslaved African mother on a Puerto Rican sugar plantation and concluding with her descendant in the twenty-first century returning to Nigeria, Dahlma Llanos-Figueroa’s neo-slave novel Daughters of the Stone marks an important contribution to the historical novel genre. This chapter analyzes the novel’s maternal history and the mother-daughter relation through the postcolonial feminist theory of voicelessness. Llanos-Figueroa not only fictionalizes the historical enslaved woman’s voice but also adds another dimension to voicelessness: connecting each daughter’s story in this novel through a magic childstone blessed by the African mother-ancestor, Fela. I argue that the stone functions as a literal and symbolic stand-in for the enslaved mother and mother-tongue. Maternal history in the novel is sanctioned and precipitated by the passing of the stone from one generation of women to another. Drawing attention to the absence of any officially sanctioned channels of expression, the stone becomes a necessary thread between the maternal past and the maternal present, between mothers and daughters. The stone also permits and legitimizes each woman’s story when official discourses refuse to do so. As such, the stone, an artifact and testament to Puerto Rico’s historical slave past, becomes an anticolonial, anti-patriarchal mode of storytelling that runs counter to traditional historiography. Llanos-Figueroa’s novel thus innovatively reimagines speaking through stone as the means by which an enslaved woman and her descendants might resist being silent and silenced.