Integrated agricultural systems (IAS) involve agricultural practices that combine at least two of the three possible components of agriculture, namely, crop, livestock, and forests. The study focused on Brazil and Nigeria considering the facts that both countries have the highest population and most diverse agroecological biomes in South America and Africa, respectively. Thus, the need for nature-based solutions (NBS) to increase food and fodder productions, to strengthen sustainable management of arable land, and for climate change mitigation is pertinent. This work aimed at reviewing IAS as NBS to climate change mitigation and adaptation through the enhancement of carbon stocks in Brazil and Nigeria. The study established the findings from many farmers and researchers that IAS as core carbon capture is a promising NBS to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The results further revealed that in addition to substantial increase in carbon stocks, food, and income, the energy-use efficiency and environmental sustainability associated with IAS are tenfold more than those of other agricultural systems. Rapid increase in soil carbon pools and diversified plant/crop species contributes significantly to a decrease in atmospheric CO2 which consequently helps in the mitigation and adaptation to climate change. This work will support the governments, policy-makers, farmers, and other stakeholders in climate change by (i) initiating the development of public policies and practices relating to low-carbon agriculture, (ii) helping in the implementation of a national C-market, and (iii) contributing to the Brazil’s/Nigeria’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for the Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation through soil C-sequestration. Conclusively, the work will promote IAS as nature-based panacea to climate change mitigation and adaptation.