Iran has a dry and semi-arid climate in the mid-latitude belt. Ardabil is one of the mountainous provinces of Iran, which contains part of five centers of glaciers with permanent sources of fresh water. During the last two decades, global warming, climate change, increased evaporation, and population dynamics have caused pressure on the freshwater resources of this province. AdaptationAdaptation under such conditions, especially for children, the most vulnerable group, requires basic planning. Children are managers and future decision-makers regarding the management of resources, especially in relation to water. They have a high level of impressible and trainability, which allows them to influence other people, such as family members and peers, and to pass on the training they receive. The purpose of this research is to investigate the attitudes of Ardabil primary school students regarding water. The research methodology is qualitative and phenomenological. Fifteen students were purposefully sampled from ten primary schools in different parts of the province. After collecting the data, coding was done, the themes and categories related to the subject were classified, and analyzed the role of education about mitigation and adaptation. The results showed that the key requirement for students to effectively mitigate and adapt to climate change is the enhancement of water literacy. This can be accomplished by expanding their knowledge, modifying their attitudes, and adopting appropriate water-related behaviors.