Livelihood refers to the collection of capabilities, assets, and activities that are necessary for an individual to sustain their existence. Green livelihoods (GL) allow for lower carbon emissions and pollution, increased energy and resource efficiency, and the prevention of biodiversity and ecosystem service (ES) loss. Therefore, GL can become one of the nature-based solutions (NbS) for climate change mitigation and adaptation and thus help to achieving national and international climate change goals. This work aims to give a broad overview of livelihoods, their linkages with ecosystem services, the impact of climate change on livelihoods, and the need for GL in the present scenario. The chapter also covers the criteria for an activity to be qualified as GL and its major types in the natural resources sector (Forestry and Agriculture). In this chapter, major GL-related initiatives at the national level (India) have been covered. A success story of two villages in Maharashtra is also included to show how Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR)-coordinated GL initiatives can transform the lives of the local communities. The close interrelations between ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and GL can be beneficial for policymakers to develop suitable and sustainable mitigation and climate change adaptation strategies.