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Nepal is one of the first countries to pilot nature-based solutions (NbS) approach in the form of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) projects. This chapter reflects on the relevant policies and legislative frameworks at the federal and local levels and draws example of their implementation status from one of the growing cities in Western Nepal – Bheemdatt Municipality. The study assessed the local understanding on NbS including EbA and their willingness to pay for initiatives such as the urban green parks. Primary as well as secondary source of information was used for this study. The primary data was collected from 271 households (135 urban and 136 peri-urban) applying mixed research methods and analyzed using SPSS version 29 and Excel. The term “NbS or EbA” appeared to be new to the citizens and the local government authorities. However, some effective practices of EbA were observed mainly in the peri-urban settlements. Of the total respondents, 91% expressed their willingness to pay for improved urban green parks, with an average premium price of USD 0.81. Seventy-two percent of the respondents also believed that the use of green parks is a great way to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The chi-square test performed showed no association between people’s willingness to pay and the sociodemographic status among the peri-urban population. In urban areas, however, there was an association found between education (p-value = 0.001, n = 135, and df = 4) and age group in terms of willingness to pay (p-value = 0.000, n = 135, and df = 4). The Kruskal–Wallis test, when performed within the group of various education levels (p = 0.219, n = 60, and df = 4) and age groups (p = 0.548, n = 60, and df = 2), showed that the frequency of visits to the parks is the same among all categories. In order to promote use of urban green parks as one of the effective nature-based solutions to adapt to the changing climate, our study found that the existing legislative frameworks should be accompanied with appropriate action plans, awareness-raising activities, and persistent follow-ups. Our findings provide evidence to the government in effectively implementing the policies and designing programs and projects focused on nature-based climate adaptation practices that are especially relevant and urgent in the haphazardly urbanizing developing countries such as Nepal.

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Policies to Practices on Nature-Based Solutions: Perception of Urban Dwellers on Ecosystem-Based Adaptation in Bheemdatt Municipality, Western Lowland, Nepal

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Samjhana Bista,
  • Ramji Bogati,
  • Dietwald Gruehn

摘要

Nepal is one of the first countries to pilot nature-based solutions (NbS) approach in the form of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) projects. This chapter reflects on the relevant policies and legislative frameworks at the federal and local levels and draws example of their implementation status from one of the growing cities in Western Nepal – Bheemdatt Municipality. The study assessed the local understanding on NbS including EbA and their willingness to pay for initiatives such as the urban green parks. Primary as well as secondary source of information was used for this study. The primary data was collected from 271 households (135 urban and 136 peri-urban) applying mixed research methods and analyzed using SPSS version 29 and Excel. The term “NbS or EbA” appeared to be new to the citizens and the local government authorities. However, some effective practices of EbA were observed mainly in the peri-urban settlements. Of the total respondents, 91% expressed their willingness to pay for improved urban green parks, with an average premium price of USD 0.81. Seventy-two percent of the respondents also believed that the use of green parks is a great way to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The chi-square test performed showed no association between people’s willingness to pay and the sociodemographic status among the peri-urban population. In urban areas, however, there was an association found between education (p-value = 0.001, n = 135, and df = 4) and age group in terms of willingness to pay (p-value = 0.000, n = 135, and df = 4). The Kruskal–Wallis test, when performed within the group of various education levels (p = 0.219, n = 60, and df = 4) and age groups (p = 0.548, n = 60, and df = 2), showed that the frequency of visits to the parks is the same among all categories. In order to promote use of urban green parks as one of the effective nature-based solutions to adapt to the changing climate, our study found that the existing legislative frameworks should be accompanied with appropriate action plans, awareness-raising activities, and persistent follow-ups. Our findings provide evidence to the government in effectively implementing the policies and designing programs and projects focused on nature-based climate adaptation practices that are especially relevant and urgent in the haphazardly urbanizing developing countries such as Nepal.