Vitamin D deficiency is one of the leading public health concerns globally, affecting millions of people. High prevalence rates of vitamin D deficiency, together with the well-established associations between vitamin D deficiency and numerous health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, different types of cancer, and mental health, highlight the urgent need for strategies tailored to early identification of high-risk individuals and more effective deficiency management. Public health campaigns emphasizing the importance of maintaining adequate serum levels of vitamin D and supporting personalized vitamin D management are much needed to ease the burden of untreated deficiency on public health system and economies. The chapter goes on to discuss new technological solutions for vitamin D monitoring that might further support the development of personalized recommendations for the management of vitamin D deficiency.