This chapter provides a concise overview of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) and its significance within the South African context. Although comprehensive data on the coexistence of underweight and overweight individuals in the population is limited, smaller studies have reported the prevalence of DBM. Despite the existence of numerous policies and strategies aimed at addressing DBM, stunting in children, as well as overweight and obesity and their associated comorbidities, remain prevalent among adults. Micronutrient deficiencies have been partially addressed through various programs, yet they continue to pose a challenge. Factors such as poverty, food insecurity, and lack of nutrition knowledge contribute to DBM. Due to the multifactorial causes of the DBM, it needs to be addressed through intersectoral collaborations and multisectoral approaches. There is thus a major need for more coordination between sectors, and continuous monitoring, evaluation, and revision of policies are essential to effectively address DBM in South Africa.