Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a serious issue across the world. It is a growing concern in India, particularly among tribal people, due to socioeconomic inequities, traditional diets poor in bioavailable iron, and restricted access to healthcare. This chapter delves into the complicated issue of IDA among India’s tribes, highlighting its public health implications and the necessity for specific solutions. It explores the epidemiology, genetic predispositions, environmental variables, and gender- and age-related differences influencing IDA prevalence in various populations. It emphasizes the constraints of current diagnostic instruments in rural areas and the need for innovative and compact alternatives. Furthermore, it examines nutritional therapies, food fortification ventures, and public health programs focused on diminishing IDA. Ethical concerns in fieldwork, the merging of traditional and modern healthcare systems, and the necessity for policy-driven, community- centered solutions are all addressed. The chapter concludes with tangible suggestions for confronting IDA sustainably, eliminating health disparities, and enhancing Indigenous communities’ general well-being.