Obesity is a serious medical condition affecting more than 2 billion people worldwide. It is associated with multiple comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes hypertension and heart disease. Its rising prevalence is partly driven by the widespread availability of inexpensive calorie-dense nutrient-poor foods. Individuals living with obesity may still be at increased risk of malnutrition despite having excess weight. This risk can be related to multiple factors including poor diet quality, weight loss diets that unintentionally restrict essential nutrients, impaired absorption and reduced bioavailability of micronutrients, changes in gut microbiome, malabsorption following bariatric surgery, medication-related effect on nutrient absorption, and the chronic low inflammation state associated with obesity. Individuals with obesity have inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B12, folate, vitamins A and D, iron, calcium, and zinc. These deficiencies can lead to serious consequences, including reduced functional capacity and physical activity, impaired cognitive and behavioral function, as well as hematological, neurological, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal complications. Physicians should offer guidance on healthy diets, raise awareness about micronutrition deficiencies, and identify patients at risk, particularly those who had underwent bariatric surgery or who are receiving pharmacotherapy for weight management. Dietitians should conduct comprehensive nutritional assessments before and during dietary therapy to ensure adequate nutrient intake and prevent deficiencies. They should also provide advice on healthy diet, physical activity, and appropriate multivitamins supplements when needed to prevent micronutrition deficiency. Regular screening and identification of nutritional deficiencies are important for all patients with obesity, not only those undergoing bariatric procedures. Future research should investigate the complex relationship between malnutrition, obesity, and the associated clinical complications, particularly the long-term consequences of micronutrient deficiencies.