Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern in Thailand, reflecting global trends fueled by urbanization, nutritional shifts, and lifestyle changes. This chapter investigates the complex interrelationship of demographic, cultural, and socioeconomic factors that influence children obesity, emphasizing inequalities by age, gender, and geographic region. Socioeconomic inequalities, shifting eating habits, decreased physical exercise, and cultural attitudes of body weight are identified as major factors. The chapter covers government legislation, school-based programs, and community initiatives that address the issue while highlighting ongoing impediments such as inadequate resources and infrastructure challenges. This chapter seeks to improve understanding of the various mechanisms impacting childhood obesity in Thailand by integrating new findings, thereby giving insights to support focused preventive and intervention initiatives.