In a country that is numerically dominated by young people, school-aged children, a critical transitory phase between childhood and adolescence, deserve focused attention. Despite the substantial investment in social assistance initiatives such as the National Home-Grown School Feeding Program (NHGSFP), often portrayed as an incentive to enhance educational outcomes, the lack of robust monitoring of the nutritional quality of school meals and the dearth of national evidence on the nutritional status of school-aged children make it difficult to measure the program’s true nutrition impact. This chapter critically explored the undernutrition situation of Nigerian school-aged children and their implications on education, health, and the economy. It also further revealed and appraised the relevant government policies and initiatives in connection with the prevailing nutrition situation, offering recommendations and broader applicability insights to stakeholders.