Determining the appropriate infant feeding method is a critical decision that every parent faces during their reproductive journey. This chapter begins by examining the biological and nutritional aspects of breast milk. It then progresses to discuss alternative feeding methods, including formula feeding and mixed feeding approaches, evaluating their benefits and potential drawbacks. Furthermore, this chapter addresses contemporary issues in infant feeding, such as the experiences of transgender parents and the growing trend of milk sharing. The chapter also explores the current global and local landscapes of infant feeding. Finally, it examines international policies and promotional strategies aimed at supporting optimal infant nutrition. This review provides readers with essential insights into infant feeding, a topic with profound implications for health, nutrition, economics, policy, and more.