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The nutrients consumed through food and meals are metabolized and absorbed within the intestines. Daidzein, an isoflavone found in soybeans, is converted into equol and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) by intestinal bacteria. Both equol and O-DMA exhibit estrogenic effects and have been associated with various health outcomes. Notably, equol demonstrates the strongest estrogenic and antioxidant properties among all isoflavones. Equol is reported to be inversely correlated with the breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal women. Additionally, equol is positively associated with the risk of hot flashes in pre- and postmenopausal females and linked to the maintenance of bone mineral density. Regarding O-DMA, studies in Asian countries have shown that postmenopausal women who produce O-DMA exhibit a lower body mass index, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, and improved blood lipid profiles compared with non-O-DMA producers. This chapter provides an overview of research focusing on the roles of equol and O-DMA in health and disease.

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Linking Gut Bacteria and Nutrient Metabolism and Implications for Public Health: Examples in Zinc and Phytoestrogens

  • 动态工具书词条

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Tomoko Fujitani,
  • Kouji H. Harada

摘要

The nutrients consumed through food and meals are metabolized and absorbed within the intestines. Daidzein, an isoflavone found in soybeans, is converted into equol and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) by intestinal bacteria. Both equol and O-DMA exhibit estrogenic effects and have been associated with various health outcomes. Notably, equol demonstrates the strongest estrogenic and antioxidant properties among all isoflavones. Equol is reported to be inversely correlated with the breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal women. Additionally, equol is positively associated with the risk of hot flashes in pre- and postmenopausal females and linked to the maintenance of bone mineral density. Regarding O-DMA, studies in Asian countries have shown that postmenopausal women who produce O-DMA exhibit a lower body mass index, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, and improved blood lipid profiles compared with non-O-DMA producers. This chapter provides an overview of research focusing on the roles of equol and O-DMA in health and disease.