Perfluorocarbons liquid (PFCL) are synthetic, fluorinated compounds that have significantly advanced the field of vitreoretinal surgery. Their unique physical properties, high specific gravity, optical transparency, chemical inertness, and low surface tension make them invaluable intraoperative tools in complex retinal procedures. Since their introduction in the 1980s, PFCL have been primarily used as temporary tamponade agents during vitrectomy surgeries for conditions such as giant retinal tears, retinal detachments with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and posteriorly dislocated intraocular lenses or nuclear fragments. PFCL facilitate retinal manipulation by flattening detached retina, stabilizing mobile retinal tissue, and displacing subretinal fluid anteriorly, thereby enhancing surgical visualization and control. They also allow for effective removal of intraocular foreign bodies and subretinal hemorrhages. Because they are heavier than water, PFCL can mechanically press the retina against the retinal pigment epithelium, improving reattachment rates and reducing the risk of postoperative complications. Despite their clinical benefits, PFCL are not without risks. Retention of PFCL droplets postoperatively can lead to inflammation, intraocular pressure elevation, and retinal toxicity. Therefore, complete removal of PFCL at the end of surgery is critical. Ongoing research focuses on improving PFCL formulations, delivery systems, and understanding their long-term safety profiles. PFCL play a vital role in managing complex vitreoretinal disorders. Their continued evolution promises to further enhance surgical precision and patient outcomes in retinal surgeries. Proper use and handling remain key to maximizing their therapeutic potential while minimizing associated risks.