In 54 years, vitrectomy has undergone enormous advances and innovations. We currently have systems with vitrectomy probes, which are faster and smaller, but also in countless other aspects of our surgical environment, including fluidics, endoillumination, portable instrumentation, wound construction, console design, and visualization systems, among others. The advances in cutter technology, endoillumination, and wide-angle viewing systems (WAVs) over the years were noticeable, and the efforts in the development of new instruments most lead to a better surgical performance while increasing safety. New studies on endoillumination are being conducted and will soon show the latest safety patterns of light sources from different commercially available devices. Vitrectomy probes have been reducing their gauge; initially, they were 20 gauge, then 23, 25, and, currently, 27 gauge, with the most used gauge currently in the United States of America being 25-gauge (25+). Factors that influence the performance of vitrectomy as duty cycle, initially 50–50% (open-closed), reaching 100% open in the new probes. The cutting speed went from 800 cuts/min to 20,000 cuts/min. As technology improves, the next WAVs will certainly enhance our ability to access peripheral vitreoretinal pathology while providing high-definition images during surgical procedures. Digital visualization is being actively developed toward integration in vitreoretinal surgery. It is likely that advances made in this area will facilitate vitreoretinal surgery, possibly improve its results, and change the way it is performed and taught.