Arterial retinal occlusions are critical conditions that affect the ocular arterial circulation, compromising blood flow in key regions of the retina. The retina’s inner two-thirds are supplied by the retinal arteries, while the outer third relies on oxygen diffusion from the choroid. Occlusions may occur at various levels, including the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery (CRA), or branch retinal artery (BRA), leading to Ophthalmic Artery Occlusion (OAO), Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO), or Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO), respectively. Despite their rarity, these occlusions carry significant risks, including associations with cerebrovascular accidents and acute myocardial infarction. This chapter discusses the classification, pathophysiology, and systemic implications of these occlusions. While CRAO affects approximately 1 per 100,000 individuals in the general population, the incidence increases with age, with men being more commonly affected. BRAO, though less frequent, also shows a higher incidence in older adults, particularly in the presence of arterial emboli. These occlusions, while uncommon, underscore the need for systemic evaluation in patients due to their association with cardiovascular events.