Retinal prostheses represent a groundbreaking advancement in vision restoration for patients with profound vision loss due to degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. These devices function by electrically stimulating the remaining viable retinal neurons, bypassing degenerated photoreceptors to restore partial visual perception. The prosthetic systems typically consist of an external camera, a processing unit, and an implanted microelectrode array that interfaces with the retina. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the development of both epiretinal and subretinal implants, including devices like the Argus II and Alpha AMS. Despite their promise, current retinal prostheses face several limitations, including low spatial resolution, limited dynamic range, and the need for surgical implantation. Advances in microelectronics, wireless power transmission, and biocompatible materials are actively addressing these challenges. Emerging technologies, such as optogenetics and photovoltaic interfaces, may further enhance the functionality and patient outcomes of future devices. Clinical trials have shown that patients using retinal prostheses can achieve basic visual tasks such as object localization, motion detection, and navigation in controlled environments, significantly improving their quality of life. Ongoing multidisciplinary research is essential to optimize device performance, enhance image processing algorithms, and develop personalized rehabilitation strategies. As our understanding of visual neuroscience and material science evolves, retinal prostheses hold the potential to transition from experimental aids to transformative clinical solutions for visual impairment.