Endoscopic Modified Lothrop Procedure
摘要
The complex and variable anatomy of the frontal sinus and recess makes the surgical treatment of chronic disease in this area both dangerous and challenging. Pneumatization of the frontal bone by numerous anterior ethmoid air cells during development may effectively block the already narrowed outflow tract of the frontal sinus. In addition, the area of the frontal recess is particularly poorly visualized during endoscopic sinus surgery due to its anterior and cephalad position. These factors together increase the predilection for scarring and stenosis causing complete sinus obstruction that may be refractory to conventional endoscopic techniques [19, 26]. Furthermore, the potential for injury to intimately associated structures such as the lamina papyracea, cribriform plate, and anterior ethmoidal artery is significant, and can make surgery in this area a daunting task for the novice endoscopic surgeon.