Endonasal Endoscopic Approach for Orbital Lesions
摘要
Until a decade ago, orbital lesions have been surgically addressed by ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons via open approaches such as frontotemporal craniotomies with orbitozygomatic osteotomy, transcutaneous or transconjunctival orbitotomy, and lateral orbitotomy [1]. As a natural derivation of the endoscopic approaches to the sinonasal cavities developed in the 1980s, endoscopic endonasal approaches to the orbit have been adapted during the 1990s for orbital decompression, optic nerve decompression, and dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) purposes [2]. Twenty years later, approaches to extraconal and intraconal lesions have matured and are routinely used for medial and inferior lesions. This management shift toward endoscopic approaches allows superior visualization, illumination, localization of the lesion, and preservation of vital structures. This, in turn, has led to improved functional and cosmetic outcomes of the endoscopic minimally invasive approaches or combined endoscopic and open approaches assisted by small external incisions as compared to the traditional open approaches [3–5].