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History taking in dysglossia, resonance disorders and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) is described inter alia, considering information about possible genetic and environmental factors and the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal anamnesis, as well as the overall health status, conservative and operative therapy. Perceptual resonance examination tests, palpation and inspection of speech organs, including functional endoscopy and instrumental tests to achieve objective findings are presented. The evaluation of speech parameters is defined. Special diagnostic procedures are explained concerning orofacial myofunctional disorders. The examination of the cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X and XII is demonstrated. History taking, special test instruments and assessment materials are discussed for performing oral motor and speech motor examination protocols. After describing the basic ultrasound equipment, indications for labial sonography are defined. Aspects of the auditory-perceptual evaluation of the velopharyngeal function are mentioned considering hypernasality, nasal air emission, turbulence, articulation errors and intelligibility as parameters to be evaluated. The choice of rating scales is discussed. Nasal airflow and air pressure measurements are presented. The fibre-optic evaluation of velopharyngeal function is described, presenting endoscopic findings and therapeutic consequences. Different classification systems of cleft (lip and) palate are introduced. After the explanation of the basics of spectrography, spectrographic features of nasality and spectrographic analysis of hypernasal speech are described, and perspectives are discussed. The principle of nasometry is introduced, examples of nasalance measurements are given, speech material and normative values are displayed. Options of velopharyngeal muscle electromyography are discussed. Imaging procedures for assessing the velopharyngeal sphincter during speech are introduced, focusing on video-nasopharyngoscopy and videofluoroscopy. Presenting many examples, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dynamic imaging (MRI) and other radiological procedures for assessing resonance disorders, such as computed tomography (CT) and lateral radiography, are presented.

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Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Dysglossia, Resonance Disorders and Velopharyngeal Insufficiency

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Fatemeh Abnavi,
  • Wolfgang Angerstein,
  • Ana Martínez Arellano,
  • Wolfgang Bigenzahn,
  • Tim Bressmann,
  • María Bielsa Corrochano,
  • Philippe H. Dejonckere,
  • Doris-Maria Denk-Linnert,
  • Tanja Fuhr,
  • Uta Hanning,
  • Alexander Hemprich,
  • Florian Lasse Lefarth,
  • Igor Leuchter,
  • Barbara Maciejewska,
  • Katrin Neumann,
  • Thomas Niederstadt,
  • Ute Pröschel,
  • Karen J. Reichmuth,
  • Saskia Rohrbach-Volland,
  • Martina Scharitzer,
  • Melanie Vauth-Weidig,
  • Pablo Antonio Ysunza

摘要

History taking in dysglossia, resonance disorders and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) is described inter alia, considering information about possible genetic and environmental factors and the prenatal, perinatal and postnatal anamnesis, as well as the overall health status, conservative and operative therapy. Perceptual resonance examination tests, palpation and inspection of speech organs, including functional endoscopy and instrumental tests to achieve objective findings are presented. The evaluation of speech parameters is defined. Special diagnostic procedures are explained concerning orofacial myofunctional disorders. The examination of the cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X and XII is demonstrated. History taking, special test instruments and assessment materials are discussed for performing oral motor and speech motor examination protocols. After describing the basic ultrasound equipment, indications for labial sonography are defined. Aspects of the auditory-perceptual evaluation of the velopharyngeal function are mentioned considering hypernasality, nasal air emission, turbulence, articulation errors and intelligibility as parameters to be evaluated. The choice of rating scales is discussed. Nasal airflow and air pressure measurements are presented. The fibre-optic evaluation of velopharyngeal function is described, presenting endoscopic findings and therapeutic consequences. Different classification systems of cleft (lip and) palate are introduced. After the explanation of the basics of spectrography, spectrographic features of nasality and spectrographic analysis of hypernasal speech are described, and perspectives are discussed. The principle of nasometry is introduced, examples of nasalance measurements are given, speech material and normative values are displayed. Options of velopharyngeal muscle electromyography are discussed. Imaging procedures for assessing the velopharyngeal sphincter during speech are introduced, focusing on video-nasopharyngoscopy and videofluoroscopy. Presenting many examples, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dynamic imaging (MRI) and other radiological procedures for assessing resonance disorders, such as computed tomography (CT) and lateral radiography, are presented.