Science studies scholars have conducted research on scientific innovations since the 1970s, albeit rarely under that heading. Theoretical considerations were triggered by Thomas S. Kuhn’s book on scientific revolutions, which raised the question of what other kinds of innovations take place in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Empirical research has focused on the sciences and investigated the production of innovation-triggering contributions and the conditions facilitating them as well as innovation processes. This research supports an understanding of innovations as processes of developing novelties in a scientific community that change the purposes and practices of a large number of community members on a continuing basis. While scientific innovations turned out to be promising sites for investigating conditions under which lasting epistemic change is achieved, this promise has not yet been fulfilled because the research is dominated by single-case studies. Major lacunae of research on scientific innovations include comparative studies, the systematic inclusion of the social contexts in which innovations are developed, and the differentiation between innovations, fashions, and hypes.