The contribution introduces the social-constructivist perspective on technology development and innovation. This perspective assumes that the development of new technologies is a social process and not determined by technological factors. The contribution describes the key concepts of the social-constructivist perspective by referring to its first programmatic outline, the social construction of technology (SCOT) model of Trevor Pinch and Wiebe Bijker. It illustrates the key concepts by introducing the development of the bicycle as a classic example. The contribution then introduces several supplements that deal with shortcomings of the original approach: the concept of technological frame that addresses the significance of shared ideas and beliefs in processes of social shaping of technology, the notion that the social shaping of technology continues during its dissemination and use, and the notion that not only the technology but also its users are subject to social construction. Addressing the topic of technology and gender and the topic of technology and power, the contribution discusses scope and limitations of the social-constructivist perspective. The contribution concludes with three overarching observations on the position of social-constructivism in research on technology development and innovation.

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Innovation as Social Construction of Technology and Its Use

  • Ingo Schulz-Schaeffer

摘要

The contribution introduces the social-constructivist perspective on technology development and innovation. This perspective assumes that the development of new technologies is a social process and not determined by technological factors. The contribution describes the key concepts of the social-constructivist perspective by referring to its first programmatic outline, the social construction of technology (SCOT) model of Trevor Pinch and Wiebe Bijker. It illustrates the key concepts by introducing the development of the bicycle as a classic example. The contribution then introduces several supplements that deal with shortcomings of the original approach: the concept of technological frame that addresses the significance of shared ideas and beliefs in processes of social shaping of technology, the notion that the social shaping of technology continues during its dissemination and use, and the notion that not only the technology but also its users are subject to social construction. Addressing the topic of technology and gender and the topic of technology and power, the contribution discusses scope and limitations of the social-constructivist perspective. The contribution concludes with three overarching observations on the position of social-constructivism in research on technology development and innovation.