This study explores the crucial role of nature-based solutions (NbS) in enhancing climate change resilience and public health within sustainable urban ecosystems. The specific focus was to examine the principles of NbS, their classification, and their diverse applications in urban settings, such as green roofs, urban forests, and ecological restoration projects. The study highlights the significant contributions of NbS to environmental sustainability by mitigating climate change, improving air and water quality, and conserving biodiversity and emphasizes the social and economic benefits of NbS, including improved public health, enhanced social equity, and increased economic opportunities. The study also addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing NbS in urban environments and presents successful case studies of NbS implementation in cities worldwide, showcasing their effectiveness in addressing various urban challenges. The study delves into the profound connection between NbS and public health, demonstrating how these solutions can mitigate climate-related health risks, improve air quality, reduce the burden of infectious diseases, and enhance mental well-being. It concluded that by integrating NbS into urban planning and decision-making processes, cities can create more sustainable, resilient, and equitable environments that prioritize human well-being and environmental health.