Medical waste, a byproduct of healthcare activities such as diagnosis, treatment, and research, poses significant environmental and public health challenges. Improper disposal of medical waste can contaminate soil, water, and air, leading to ecosystem degradation, disease transmission, and increased antibiotic resistance. Effective waste management is critical, as global healthcare facilities generate millions of tons of waste annually. This chapter explores the diverse sources of medical waste, including hospitals, clinics, and homes, and examines the steps involved in its management, including segregation, collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal. Emphasis is placed on the direct and indirect impacts of medical waste on human and environmental health, including its role in exacerbating climate change. The chapter also highlights innovative strategies for reducing medical waste, such as alternative treatment technologies, recycling programs, and sustainable waste reduction practices. By adopting comprehensive waste management policies and promoting education, healthcare facilities can mitigate the adverse effects of medical waste and contribute to a healthier, more sustainable future.