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With the current levels of atmospheric CO2, Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is essential to meet IPCC climate targets. CCUS should be viewed as a complementary technology, working alongside other emission reduction methods rather than as a standalone solution. Capturing CO2 from concentrated sources is less energy-intensive compared to Direct Air Capture (DAC), although removing carbon directly from the atmosphere will be necessary in the future. Currently, CO2 capture using amine or alkali-based sorbents is the most mature technology, suitable for large-scale applications in both concentrated sources and DAC. Emerging technologies such as ionic liquids, membrane-based, and electrochemical CO2 capture hold promise for future CO2 capture efforts. Natural processes, including photosynthesis, ocean alkalization, and enhanced weathering, present opportunities for carbon capture and storage, although quantifying the amount of carbon captured through these methods remains challenging. Enhanced oil recovery is currently the primary approach for both carbon storage and utilization, while underground geological sites such as saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas wells offer significant potential for long-term CO2 storage. Additionally, captured CO2 can be valorized by converting it into fuels and chemicals, though large-scale demonstration of these processes is lacking. While using CO2 as a feedstock for fuel production is attractive, the scale of carbon valorization is significantly smaller than that of carbon storage, necessitating the development of both routes in a complementary manner. For CCUS to become economically viable, substantial investments and supportive policies are required. Implementing a carbon tax is a positive step, and a comprehensive cap-and-trade scheme would provide a sustainable platform for CCUS technology development. Policies directly incentivizing CCUS, such as negative emission credits, should be considered to facilitate advancements in the field. Additionally, efforts must be made to educate and persuade the public on the benefits of CCUS to ensure effective funding and implementation of related projects.

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Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage Technologies Needed to Decarbonize the Economy

  • 动态工具书词条

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Si Thanh Dong

摘要

With the current levels of atmospheric CO2, Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is essential to meet IPCC climate targets. CCUS should be viewed as a complementary technology, working alongside other emission reduction methods rather than as a standalone solution. Capturing CO2 from concentrated sources is less energy-intensive compared to Direct Air Capture (DAC), although removing carbon directly from the atmosphere will be necessary in the future. Currently, CO2 capture using amine or alkali-based sorbents is the most mature technology, suitable for large-scale applications in both concentrated sources and DAC. Emerging technologies such as ionic liquids, membrane-based, and electrochemical CO2 capture hold promise for future CO2 capture efforts. Natural processes, including photosynthesis, ocean alkalization, and enhanced weathering, present opportunities for carbon capture and storage, although quantifying the amount of carbon captured through these methods remains challenging. Enhanced oil recovery is currently the primary approach for both carbon storage and utilization, while underground geological sites such as saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas wells offer significant potential for long-term CO2 storage. Additionally, captured CO2 can be valorized by converting it into fuels and chemicals, though large-scale demonstration of these processes is lacking. While using CO2 as a feedstock for fuel production is attractive, the scale of carbon valorization is significantly smaller than that of carbon storage, necessitating the development of both routes in a complementary manner. For CCUS to become economically viable, substantial investments and supportive policies are required. Implementing a carbon tax is a positive step, and a comprehensive cap-and-trade scheme would provide a sustainable platform for CCUS technology development. Policies directly incentivizing CCUS, such as negative emission credits, should be considered to facilitate advancements in the field. Additionally, efforts must be made to educate and persuade the public on the benefits of CCUS to ensure effective funding and implementation of related projects.