Within-Individual Retrieval-Induced Forgetting (WI-RIF) and Socially Shared Retrieval-Induced Forgetting (SS-RIF)
摘要
Humans are naturally social creatures. As such, humans often remember their personal and collective pasts through social interactions with others. Recently, researchers have found that selectively remembering through these social interactions can lead to induced forgetting of related, but not discussed information for both the speaker and the listener, what are known as within-individual retrieval-induced forgetting (WI-RIF) and socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting (SS-RIF), respectively. Researchers have extended WI-RIF and SS-RIF to both meaningful materials and more ecological contexts. In terms of the former, WI-RIF and SS-RIF have been found with, for example, autobiographical and shared autobiographical memories as well as political issues. In terms of the latter, SS-RIF has been extended to individuals listening to the selective nature of a national (Belgium) public speech. However, research has also shown that there are boundary conditions for WI-RIF and SS-RIF. For example, if the speaker or listener does not actually retrieve the memory or if an individual is listening to out-group member, induced forgetting is either eliminated or diminished. Regardless, the robust findings of induced forgetting, for both speakers and listeners, suggest that the selective nature of social interactions may play an important role in shaping collective memories, not only through collective remembering but also through collective forgetting.