Historically, minorities in Europe have existed within a multifaceted social framework characterized by interactions among many religious, ethnic, and cultural groups. Muslim groups, in particular, have historically existed in numerous regions of Europe among these minorities. Historical occurrences, like the Islamic culture in Andalusia and the Ottoman Empire’s expansion in the Balkans, established a prolonged history of Muslim presence in Europe. The existence of Muslim minority has become increasingly significant in the political, cultural, and social dynamics of contemporary Europe. The presence of Muslim minorities in Europe intensified due to escalating migration patterns in the twentieth century. Particularly in the post-World War II era, labor migration resulted in the establishment of Muslim communities in numerous Western European nations, notably Germany, France, England, and the Netherlands. These immigrants have established enduring communities in Europe, where they arrived for economic motives, and have endeavored to reconcile the preservation of their identities with integration into European societies. Each country has adopted distinct integration policies within the context of its immigration regulations and social frameworks. Muslim minorities in Europe have encountered numerous problems regarding fundamental human rights and religious liberties. In nations that embrace secularism and those seeing a surge in far-right political movements, significant discourses and policies have emerged aimed at curtailing the rights of the Muslim community. In addition to this, the contributions of Muslim communities to the economy and finance in Europe are also significant. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the Islamic financing system in Europe. Islamic banking has been incorporated into the European financial system, with Islamic financial institutions formed in several nations, notably the United Kingdom. Muslim communities are perceived not merely as a religious identity but also as dynamic participants in the economic and social framework of Europe. The endeavors of Muslim minority in this domain enhance the well-being of their communities and augment Europe’s financial variety and ethical financial practices. This entry discusses the concepts of minorities and minority rights, the history of Muslim minorities in Europe, integration policies, the halal industries, and Islamic banking systems.