This entry will analyze the relationship between the IMF, formed in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference to reform the global economic system, and Islamic Finance. Prominent individuals like Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes significantly contributed to its formation. The IMF seeks to offer financial assistance to address the balance of payments imbalances of its member nations. Between the 1950s and 1970s, the IMF’s influence was constrained by the dollar’s stability in global markets; nevertheless, its involvement intensified following occurrences like the oil crises and the Latin American debt crises. Beginning by the second half of the 1970s, the IMF commenced the implementation of more rigorous structural adjustment plans, particularly in debtor nations. Islamic economics, founded on ideas like ethical standards, social equilibrium, and the prohibition of interest, critiques the IMF’s market-oriented solutions and policies that overlook social justice. Since the 1980s, the IMF has released publications regarding the fundamental principles of Islamic economics and Islamic financial instruments. The challenges faced in the reform of financial systems in countries like Sudan, Pakistan, and Iran in accordance with Islamic principles were thoroughly examined in IMF publications. During the 2000s, the IMF initiated measures to enhance the integration of Islamic financing into the global financial system. It enhances the regulatory frameworks of the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) and bolsters sukuk markets. The IMF examines the regulation and oversight of sukuk markets, assessing the Sharia compliance of these financial instruments and their influence on global markets. The IMF’s incorporation of Islamic finance into its global monitoring framework in 2015 catalyzed research in this domain. IMF reports examine the incorporation of Islamic banking inside traditional financial institutions, consumer protection, and the regulation of hybrid financial instruments. The IMF highlighted that Islamic Finance can aid in achieving sustainable development goals. In conclusion, the IMF’s evolution throughout history and its engagement with Islamic economics are significant for analyzing both conventional economic paradigms and alternative models. The IMF’s increasing interest in the Islamic banking sector has fostered a more inclusive and varied global financial system.