Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are common complications in postoperative surgical patients and cause significant morbidity and mortality. Surgery patients experience venous stasis, intimal injury, and stimulation of coagulation factors all of which increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the postoperative period. Risk assessment tools have been developed to identify surgical patients that would be a greatest risk for VTE. This will allow the selection of appropriate VTE prophylaxis. In this chapter, a VTE risk assessment tool will be reviewed. Along with this a review of various surgical procedures and their risk of VTE along with the recommended VTE prevention will be reviewed. This chapter will provide the reader with the most up-to-date VTE assessment and prevention recommendations.