Peripartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common health complications associated with pregnancy and the first year after childbirth. Research consistently shows that its impact is pervasive, with profound implications for mothers, children, families, and even societies due to the resulting high economic burden. PPD can have a significantly negative impact on maternal physical and psychological health, on infant cognitive, behavioral, and emotional development, and on partner’s mental health. Yet, PPD often remains undiagnosed and untreated. This chapter provides an up-to-date synthesis of research on the symptoms, etiology, risk factors, and impact, illustrating why PPD is a major social and public health concern in Europe, requiring the urgent attention of the state, policymakers, health professionals, researchers, and anyone involved in the peripartum care. The available research highlights the extensive lack of comprehensive guidelines for clinical practice across most European countries and the resulting gaps on the detection, referral, diagnosis, and treatment of the disorder. The chapter discusses recommendations for the management of PPD and the advancement of peripartum mental healthcare more generally, emphasizing the role of governmental commitment and the active participation of all key stakeholders, including women and their families.