This chapter explores the complex and interwoven dynamics of global food systems, emphasizing how inequality, power structures, and political economy shape food access and availability worldwide. It examines historical shifts such as the Green Revolution and the rise of industrial agriculture, revealing how these developments have favored wealthy nations and marginalized local and indigenous communities. The discussion highlights systemic imbalances in land ownership, food production, and trade, exacerbated by neoliberal policies and corporate consolidation. Case studies and empirical evidence illustrate how food insecurity disproportionately affects the Global South, with particular attention to issues like food deserts, forced migration, and environmental degradation. Cultural dimensions of food access, including traditions, identity, and dietary preferences, are considered alongside grassroots activism and policy advocacy aimed at reforming inequitable food systems. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable, inclusive, and rights-based approaches to food governance in order to address deep-rooted disparities and ensure global food justice.