This study provides a global picture of the temporal dynamics of democracy and sociopolitical freedom in the world between 2012 and 2024. Data are taken from the Freedom in the World dataset and cover a wide range of democracy and freedom dimensions, comprising indicators pertaining to democracy and government functioning, pluralism and political participation, freedom of expression and belief, associational, organizational, and individual rights. The overall picture confirms a general decline of democracy, unveiling a systematic movement toward lower levels of both it and freedom, together with the tendency of countries to split along the democracy/freedom “axis,” in a polarized way. This raises relevant concerns about the sustainability of democracy, in a globalized and entangled world. The Freedom in the World data is of ordinal type, making the classical aggregative approach to indicator construction inappropriate. To cope with this problem, the study employs novel statistical tools based on the theory of order relations and partially ordered sets (posets). This is the first time a multidimensional analysis of democracy and freedom is developed using poset-based methodologies.

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Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Democracy and Freedom

  • Marco Fattore,
  • Lucio de Capitani

摘要

This study provides a global picture of the temporal dynamics of democracy and sociopolitical freedom in the world between 2012 and 2024. Data are taken from the Freedom in the World dataset and cover a wide range of democracy and freedom dimensions, comprising indicators pertaining to democracy and government functioning, pluralism and political participation, freedom of expression and belief, associational, organizational, and individual rights. The overall picture confirms a general decline of democracy, unveiling a systematic movement toward lower levels of both it and freedom, together with the tendency of countries to split along the democracy/freedom “axis,” in a polarized way. This raises relevant concerns about the sustainability of democracy, in a globalized and entangled world. The Freedom in the World data is of ordinal type, making the classical aggregative approach to indicator construction inappropriate. To cope with this problem, the study employs novel statistical tools based on the theory of order relations and partially ordered sets (posets). This is the first time a multidimensional analysis of democracy and freedom is developed using poset-based methodologies.