Wealth and income inequality result from unequal treatment practices among different stakeholders in any nation. Historically, society has been divided into haves and have-nots. Cultural, social, religious, and political forces and nature determine the individual’s economic status. In India, the diversity of different social groups is classified by caste categories such as Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), Other Backward Castes (OBC), and Other Castes. Caste categories are based on hierarchical social status, impacting the economic status of independent, modern, socialist, and democratic India. This chapter aims to analyze the employment status and opportunities and discrimination of the different caste categories in the labor market in India. The secondary sources were employed; various NSSO reports, PLFS, Socio-Economic Caste Census, and Census, as well as government and nongovernment publications, have been used.