Social work with migrants and refugees is framed by policies of global migration control and exclusion. In the postcolonial age of migration, the drawing boundaries against unwanted migration is the crucial question in global politics of migration governance worldwide in a postcolonial world society (Samaddar, R., The Postcolonial Age of Migration. Routledge, Abingdon/New York, 2020). While the human rights conventions serve as a frame of reference in many fields of social work, the Migrant Workers Convention (Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers, ICRMW) remains a largely neglected or unknown human rights instrument in the global profession of social work. On the International Migrant Workers Day, 18 December, the International Federation of Schools of Social Work (IFSW) recalls the structural exclusion, racism, and violations of human and labor rights shape the lives of migrants and refugees and the role of global profession of social work to defend human rights. In contrast to other UN conventions, research on the development and implementation of the ICRMW is still in its infancy. The article argues that the ICRWM (1990) developed between the poles of a top-down approach of the global governance of labor migration and a bottom-up approach of civil society struggles to enforce rights for all migrant workers around the globe. The analysis, among others, deals with the following questions: What are the distinctive features of the Convention’s human rights protection for migrants? Why is the ICRMW overshadowed by other core UN treaties and why it is primarily ratified by states of the Global South in a postcolonial world society?