Racism and discrimination against individuals and groups based on their perceived “race,” nationality, ethnicity (i.e., cultural characteristics), or their status in migration processes (such as “asylum seekers,” “refugees,” or “foreigners”) represent a global challenge. Racism and discriminatory practices manifest in various forms, including through discourse. Racist discourse, discursive discrimination, and hate speech prevalent in both the Internet and public debate in many parts of the world have significant adverse effects on societies and individuals. This chapter examines methodologies for studying racist discourse and racist discursive discrimination, particularly within the framework of critical discourse studies (CDS). It clarifies several terms central to racism studies, such as “race,” “racialization,” and “racism.” Additionally, it introduces various critical theoretical perspectives on racism. The primary focus of the chapter is to present a toolkit for analyzing racist discourse and provide examples of its application in empirical studies of textual and discursive materials. The concluding section addresses the potential integration of CDS-inspired approaches with critical racism perspectives, the future direction of research on racist discourse in the context of big data and AI, and the imperative for investigations into strategies to counteract racist discourse.