Role of Liver-Directed Therapy in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
摘要
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) frequently metastasize to the liver, where tumor burden and symptoms related to hormone secretion negatively impact quality of life and patient survival. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of percutaneous liver-directed therapies performed by interventional oncologists, including transarterial embolization, chemoembolization, drug-eluting bead chemoembolization, radioembolization, as well as ablation. Indications for treatment are reviewed, emphasizing treatment of progressive disease despite systemic therapy, control of symptoms related to hormone secretion, and high initial tumor burden. Patient selection, procedural approaches, and clinical evidence supporting each intervention are discussed. While the various forms of transarterial embolization therapies are comparable in terms of clinical and radiologic response rates, generally between 60% and 90%, the reasons for choosing one form of embolization over another are provided, considering safety profiles, predictors of response, and other patient related factors. Practical points regarding decision-making in the interventional treatment of neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases and the unique factors one must consider in this patient population are integrated throughout. This personalized approach to embolization and ablation provides the best possible outcomes for patients with neuroendocrine tumor livers metastases. The integration of such liver-directed therapies alongside surgical and systemic treatments within a multidisciplinary approach to NET patient care helps ensure optimal symptom control and outcomes.