This entry examines the intersection of environmental conflict, resource justice, and community resilience in Africa, with a particular focus on resource-dependent regions affected by mining, forestry, and agricultural expansion. Drawing on political ecology, environmental justice, and social-ecological resilience frameworks, the entry highlights how historical legacies, governance structures, and sociopolitical inequalities shape resource-based conflicts. It further explores biodiversity finance mechanisms—including payments for ecosystem services, green bonds, conservation trust funds, and debt-for-nature swaps—as tools to promote ecological integrity, equitable benefit-sharing, and sustainable development. Governance, monitoring, and accountability emerge as critical enablers of effective conservation finance, ensuring transparency, inclusion, and long-term ecological outcomes. Through integrative conceptual frameworks and illustrative African case studies, this entry provides insights for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking to mitigate environmental conflicts, strengthen community resilience, and advance socially just and ecologically sustainable resource management.