Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum var. gilo) is an important solanaceous vegetable in Brazil and in some African countries. It is a very rustic plant species with a few important diseases affecting its production. Most scarlet eggplant diseases are caused by fungi, but some are caused by oomycetes, viruses, bacteria, and nematodes. In this chapter, the main scarlet eggplant diseases are discussed, including their geographic distribution, symptoms, etiology, epidemiology, and management. Particularly important diseases of scarlet eggplant are anthracnose, Verticillium wilt, spotted wilt, and root knot.