Market applications for materials derived from renewable and sustainable lignocellulosic biomass have been undergoing significant growth due to the perpetually increasing global demand for environmentally friendly materials. Green bio-based nanomaterials from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are rapidly emerging as new and innovative class of high-performance materials. In many cases, nanomaterials derived from lignocellulose are applied in combination with other polymeric matrices. The resulting bioproducts are environmentally friendly lightweight materials that exhibit enhanced properties such as increased strength or modified surface energy. Due to the so-called nano-effect, a complete transformation of the material’s properties, such as 10% increases in strength via the addition of nanoparticles at loadings as low as 1%, can be achieved. This chapter discusses and highlights the synthesis of lignocellulosic-derived nanomaterials as well as their utilization in a diverse range of products, including their promising prospects for future applications.